The Second Cold War now moves to the Caribbean

The Second Cold War now moves to the Caribbean

By Skeeter Wesinger

September 10, 2025

The Caribbean has once again become a stage for the rivalry of great powers. In Cuba, Chinese technicians and engineers have been working around the clock to expand a network of intelligence-gathering sites. Satellite photographs and on-the-ground accounts confirm the presence of large radar dishes and a new antenna array near Santiago de Cuba, along with several facilities west of Havana. These installations appear designed to intercept communications and track movements across the southeastern United States. Their placement recalls the old Soviet listening post at Lourdes, which for years operated as Moscow’s ear on Washington.

What makes the present moment different is that China has chosen to follow its land-based presence with a naval one. Reports now indicate that a Chinese aircraft carrier, accompanied by support vessels, is moving into Caribbean waters. The decision to send such a formation across the Pacific and into the approaches of the Americas is a first. The United States Navy remains stronger in every respect, but the symbolism is clear. A foreign fleet, commanded from Beijing, is operating in what for two centuries Americans have regarded as their own sphere.

The tensions with Venezuela lend further weight to this development. Caracas, under sanction and isolation from Washington, has cultivated close ties with both China and Russia. A Chinese carrier group near Venezuelan ports would strengthen the government there and complicate American policy. It would also demonstrate that the Monroe Doctrine, which has served as the guiding principle of U.S. policy in the hemisphere since 1823, is under direct test.

Technologically, the new Cuban installations may not represent the most advanced form of signals intelligence. Analysts note that a significant amount can be intercepted today through satellite and cyber networks. Yet, the presence of these bases, together with a Chinese fleet, alters the strategic picture. They indicate that Beijing seeks not only to contest American influence in Asia but also to place pressure on the United States close to home.

This pattern, of probing and counter-probing, of establishing footholds near the other’s shores, is one that recalls earlier periods of rivalry. The first Cold War played out along these lines, and it is in that sense that many observers now speak of a second. The Caribbean, once the flashpoint of the Cuban Missile Crisis, is again the scene of significant power maneuvering. For now, the balance of power remains unchanged. But the geography of the contest has shifted. America finds that its own neighborhood is no longer beyond the reach of its chief rival, and that the struggle of the new century may be fought not only in distant waters, but in the seas and islands that lie just off its southern coast. The words of Ronald Reagan resonate now more than ever: ‘Trust, but verify.